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Source: AGU Advances This is an authorized translation of an Eos article. 本文是Eos文章的授权翻译。 关于云如何响应气候变化的研究,大多集中在海洋上空的云,而非山区的云。即便有研究关注山区云,也往往侧重于云的微物理过程,而非云相态的长期演变趋势。然而,深入了解青藏高原等地区的云行为至关重要——这些地区为数亿人提供水源,而积雪减少和降水模式的改变正威胁着这一关键水源。 Zhang等人通过研究全球山区云相态的长期变化,弥补了这一不足。他们利用2003年至2022年间的卫星观测数据和气候资料,分析了青藏高原、欧洲阿尔卑斯山、安第斯山脉、阿巴拉契亚山脉、落基山脉及其邻近低地地区的云量、云顶温度和云高。 随着全球变暖的影响,云的垂直结构和相态可能发生改变,包括液态、冰态以及过渡性的过冷态。 研究人员发现,在大多数山区,暖液态云和冰态云的比例有所增加,云的垂直发展受到抑制,而过冷态云则有所减少。此外,山区冰态云顶的抬升和降温速度,比邻近低地地区的云快2至4倍。 然而,在形成过冷态云的区域,其对气候变暖的反应因位置不同而有所差异。在低地和低海拔山区,过冷态云顶先升温后下降,这种模式表明垂直云结构的发展受到抑制。但在高海拔山区——如青藏高原和安第斯山脉——过冷态云反而进一步降温并向上抬升。 在青藏高原,这种变化可能与低海拔地区更显著的变暖有关;这种变暖导致该地区的垂直热力结构趋于不稳定,从而使云能够向更高、更冷的空气层中发展。而在安第斯山脉,云层变得更冷、更高,则与大气中更高的水汽含量有关。 综合来看,这些研究结果表明高海拔地区的云对气候变暖的响应方式不仅与其他地区不同,而且更为强烈。...
Source: AGU Advances Permafrost in many of Earth’s northern regions is thawing, a process that unlocks greenhouse...
A new report by Counterpoint Research has dropped, and this one focuses on smartphone OLED display shipments....